When we look back, "Toy Story" (1995), Pixar debut film financed and marketed by The Walt Disney Company was a huge success as the first film to fully utilize computer technology. Since then other digital animation studios such as Blue Sky Studios (Fox), DNA Productions (Paramount and Warner Bros. Pictures.), Onation Studios (Paramount Pictures), Sony Pictures Animation (Columbia Pictures), DreamWorks, and others do not want to miss producing a kind of film.
Certainly not a few of us who question what technologies and how these creative films made. Apparently, the key to making these films is a computer graphics application called computer generated imagery (CGI). With this software can be created with a complete 3D image of the desired effects. Some of the popular CGI software, among others, Art of Illusion (can be downloaded at sourceforce.net), Maya, Blender, and others.
2D CGI was first used in the movie "Westworld" (1973) scifi novelist Michael Crichton and its sequel "Futureworld" (1976) using 3D CGI to make hand and facial done by Edwin Catmull, a computer graphics expert from New York Institute of Technology ( Nyit). But, not all the film managed to give a touch of good animation. The movie "Tron" (1982) and "The Last Starfighter" (1984) includes a fail because they give the effect of computer-generated look at all.
Revolution "Jurassic Park"
CGI technology commonly used in the manufacture of films, television programs, and some commercial advertising, including print media. This application provides a very high quality graphics with a more controlled effect than conventional methods such as creating a miniature for the manufacture of a dramatic accident scene or actor extras add to the ambiance of the crowd was packed.
In the 1991 film "Terminator 2: Judgement Day" starring now California Governor Arnold Schwarzeneger make the audience amazed with morphing effects (changes of a face / face shape / form of the others are fine) and the liquid metal villain in some of the action.Two years later the legendary film about dinosaurs, "Jurassic Park" also provides an amazing visual effect on the ancient creature that looks truly alive. "Jurassic Park" brought a revolution in the film industry and Hollywood animated transition from conventional to digital techniques.
The next year, "Forrest Gump", the film plays with the famous actor Tom Hanks, also make use of CGI technology to eliminate the effect of one of the legs Lt. Dan (Gary Sinise played) to make it look real lame. Another effect is the movement of ping-pong ball very quickly when it is played by Tom Hanks. In fact, the scene with the effects of a feather floating in the air filmed an animation studio in London.
"Digital grading"
CGI became more ingrained in the modern film industry further. Beginning in the 2000s, CGI dominant role for the provision of visual effects in a film.
The technology was developed that allows in a dangerous scene, the actor's actor was replaced by a computer's creation with subtle differences. Extras that are created by computer as in Peter Jackson's trilogy, "Lord of the Rings", was widely used to create crowd scenes overcrowded, certainly with the help of simulation software.
One of the CGI effects in films that are less known, yet important, is the digital grading.With this effect the original color of the shooting was revised to use the software to give the impression according to the scenario. An example face Sean Bean (Boromir actor) in "The Lord of the Rings: The Two Tower" when death is made more pale. So, the trick is not cosmetic, but with a polished computer.
So, what about the facial expressions that can express feelings of emotion, sadness, or joy at the creation of a computer character? In the making, computer animation combine vector graphics with a movement that has been programmed. The main parts like the face, hands, feet, etc. consists of a variable number of animations that will be controlled by administering a specific value to display facial expressions or desired.
Character Woody in "Toy Story" consists of 700 variables with 100 animations for his own variables only. So, no wonder the various facial expressions such as laughter, surprise, and sadness can be made with 100 variables play earlier.
Quite expensive
Set of variables with values that change at each frame are displayed sequentially to control the movement of the figure. Remarkably, the animator "Toy Story" animated control variables manually. It may be that, for a talented animator, skilled and experienced in fact produce a better effect than the original acting.
Judging from its size, one frame of CGI for the film is usually made measuring 1.4 to 6 megapixels. For example, "Toy Story"-sized 1536 x 922 (1.42 megapixels). Just imagine, it was the time required for rendering each frame of approximately 2-3 hours, even 10 times longer to create a highly complex scenes. Although the higher CPU speed, not much change the time required because they will make the scene more complex for even better results. However, with exponential increases in CPU speed, CGI technology is also more potential in the future.
As an illustration, for the filming of "Madagascar", the technician uses a Linux Cluster 2500 is installed in two studios DreamWorks and Hewlett Packard's research lab in Palo Alto, California. Computer as much as it used to be "huge task" during the night rendering the film frame by frame size gigabit. To make the film "Madagascar" to be, it takes more than 11 million hours.
According to Andy Hendrickson, head of DreamWorks production, half of the production budget that reportedly reached 90 million U.S. dollars is used for computer animation. In the DreamWorks production while creating some of the techniques that can be used again for the next animated films.
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Not all computers running smoothly movie creations into box office on the market. For example, the film was developed from a game called "Final Fantasy: The Spirit Within" (2001). Although famous as the first film that creates a human figure with CGI, but the market was enthusiastically greeted. No wonder that after production of the two "Final Flight of the Osiris" a short film as a prologue to the movie "The Matrix Reloaded", Square Pictures went bankrupt.
CGI technology development continues to be reported each year at the annual SIGGRAPH conference on computer graphics and interactive techniques, attended by tens of thousands of computer professionals. Here the figures behind the creation of animations met. It is not possible that one day the animators Indonesia would be a lot of talk on the world stage.
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